病毒性脑炎发病机制的研究进展(3)

来源:人类学学报 【在线投稿】 栏目:期刊导读 时间:2021-03-17
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摘要:在CHEN等[46]研究中通过激活邻近的周细胞,发现在JEV感染过程中破坏内皮屏障完整性的潜在机制。JEV感染选择性地触发IL-6的周细胞诱导促炎反应,IL-6信号

在CHEN等[46]研究中通过激活邻近的周细胞,发现在JEV感染过程中破坏内皮屏障完整性的潜在机制。JEV感染选择性地触发IL-6的周细胞诱导促炎反应,IL-6信号传导激活的同时,内皮细胞上调泛素连接酶E3成分N-识别蛋白1(ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 component N-recognin-1,Ubr1)的表达,Ubr1是一种关键的上游调节因子,其引起IL-6信号传导下游的紧密连接蛋白(zonula occludens-1,ZO-1)的蛋白酶体降解并导致内皮屏障完整性的破坏。研究表明,周细胞可能是JEV感染的目标,是内皮屏障完整性受损的机制之一。但是JEV进入CNS的确切途径仍不清楚,根据感染后大脑弥漫性变化,有可能是经过血源途径[47]。之前所报道的研究中指出,JEV可以通过内皮细胞转胞吞和(或)内皮感染的方式穿过BBB[48]。

病毒进入是感染过程的第一步,其涉及病毒与其靶细胞之间的多个高度协调的相互作用,参与JEV进入的病毒因子特别是病毒糖蛋白E,其参与附着,内吞和膜融合[49]。LI等[50]指出,NS1蛋白是病毒复制过程中分泌的糖蛋白,在病毒生命周期和发病机制中起多重作用。NS1蛋白有效刺激Th1细胞增殖和IFN-γ产生。抗NS1抗体参与针对JEV感染的免疫保护,表明抗NS1抗体在抗病毒免疫中起重要作用。这为日本脑炎的治疗提供了新思路。

5 展望

综上,近十几年来,分子病毒学的研究得到迅速发展,在研究过程中发现了很多病毒性脑炎新的发病机制,这些研究成果最终将用于临床治疗。但依然有很多问题尚未解决,如在亚洲地区比较高发的甲型流感病毒易发生变异,不断变异的流感病毒对目前的流感疫苗和抗病毒药物的有效性发出了新的挑战。因此,需要进一步研究甲型流感病毒的发病机制和宿主免疫应答的分子机制,以研发更有效的流感防治方法。

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